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Cuando no me gusta lo que pienso, prefiero estar equivocado. Y esa es la situación en que me encuentro frente al acuerdo de Obama con Raúl Castro. Pero tengo la impresión de que es Obama decididamente el que está equivocado y no le puedo perdonar que ignore los crímenes de los Castro en Cuba. Y también ignorar que fue en Cuba donde se organizó la guerrilla en América Latina que fuera financiada por Rusia. Demás está decir que esa realidad hoy está siendo ignorada en todo el mundo Occidental incluyendo a América Latina. Pero es igualmente una contradicción política el enfrentamiento de Obama con Venezuela que es el socio de Cuba política y económicamente. Tanto así que previa a la visita de Obama, llegó Maduro a La Habana.
Otra falacia implícita en esta visita de confirmación del acuerdo es la creencia de que ha sido la política americana la que ha impedido el desarrollo de los países de América Latina. La política nacional de los países latinoamericanos se debe a un error político propio, influenciado por la izquierda y el nacionalismo. La Argentina como Cuba constituye dos ejemplos paradigmáticos del error que implica culpar a la política americana por los fracasos internos.
La Argentina fue el tercer país del mundo que a partir de 1853 aplicara el sistema reconocido en Estados Unidos por el rule of law y debo aclarar que ese sistema no es la democracia mayoritaria que deviene históricamente en el socialismo en virtud de la demagogia. La Argentina pasó de ser uno de los países más pobres del continente a ser uno de los países más ricos del mundo a principios del siglo XX. Competía con Estados Unidos y tal como reconociera The Economist en “La Parábola Argentina” tenía un ingreso per cápita mayor que el de Italia, Francia y Alemania. Lamentablemente llegó Perón e impuso el sistema fascista, creado por Lenín teóricamente en su NEP (Nueva Economía Política) e influenciado por Mussolini. La consecuencia está a la vista y es evidente el deterioro sufrido por la economía argentina.
¿Qué responsabilidad tuvo la política americana en que la Argentina diese ese vuelco institucional? El caso de Cuba, que por la visita de Obama es el que más nos ocupa hoy en día es otro ejemplo representativo del proceso de empobrecimiento ante el avance del comunismo iniciado en 1959. En primer término el hecho de que esta visita de Obama sea la primera en 88 años se interprete como que hasta la llegada de Fidel Castro Cuba era un país ajeno a Estados Unidos es otra falacia mayúscula de la historia. Que un presidente americano no visitase a Cuba no implica desconocer las buenas relaciones de Cuba con Estados Unidos.
En 1959, a la llegada de Fidel Castro a La Habana Cuba era el país que tenía el nivel de vida más elevado de América Latina. En primer lugar ello se debía a que independientemente de errores políticos tales como el golpe de Estado de Batista en 1952, teníamos el sistema en el que se respetaba el derecho de propiedad y por ello toda la actividad económica estaba en manos privadas. Cuba era una prueba más de que el sistema es independiente de la raza o la religión de los ciudadanos. Pero otro hecho indubitable que es necesario reconocer es que la situación económica de Cuba dependía en gran escala de las relaciones políticas y económicas con Estados Unidos.
En primer lugar debemos reconocer que a partir del tratado Hay-Quesada, firmado en 1940, Estados Unidos pagaba a Cuba por el azúcar el doble del precio del mercado mundial. Los cubanos no nos íbamos de Cuba, ni sacábamos el dinero de Cuba, cuando el peso era equivalente al dólar. Eran los americanos los que se venían a Cuba y por ello hacían inversiones en Cuba. El valor de las propiedades norteamericanas en Cuba ha sido estimado en uno $7.000 millones, que equivalen a unos $80.000 millones hoy en día. Las relaciones comerciales con Estados Unidos eran las más importantes y en 1957 representaba el 58% de las exportaciones cubanas y el 71% de las importaciones. (Mario Lazo)
Fue a la llegada de Castro que comenzó el enfrentamiento de Cuba con Estados Unidos. Ya en su primer discurso dijo: “Nosotros no estamos aquí por el Pentágono sino en contra del Pentágono”. Ello a pesar de que fue el presidente Eisenhower quien apoyó a Castro y después de las elecciones de 1958 que ganó el candidato de Batista le exigió a Batista que se fuera del país y dejara a Fidel Castro. Escrito por el embajador americano Earl E.T. Smith en su obra: El cuarto piso. Allí también informa que se llevaban armas de contrabando y soldados americanos a Fidel Castro en la Sierra Maestra y a Raúl Castro en la Sierra del Cristal.
Llegado Castro al poder comenzó por hacer la reforma agraria por la cual limitaba la extensión de la tierra de los propietarios y seguidamente nacionalizó la propiedad privada de los cubanos y de los americanos. Finalmente se rompieron las relaciones cuando Estados unidos pidió que se compensara la expropiación de las propiedades americanas. Fue a partir de ese enfrentamiento que Cuba rompió relaciones con Estados Unidos y consecuentemente se impuso el embargo. No bloqueo. Tampoco implicaba una política para derrocar a Fidel Castro y llevar la democracia a Cuba. Tanto así que el presidente Kennedy traicionó a los cubanos en la invasión de Bahía de Cochinos por no proveer la aviación que se había comprometido. Y en 1962 durante la crisis de los misiles Kennedy acordó con Khrushchev entregar a Cuba a la órbita soviética a cambio de que sacaran los misiles de Cuba.
Visto lo que antecede es una falacia el pensar que la política americana de llevar la democracia a Cuba basada en el embargo había fracasado y por tanto había que cambiarla. Lamentablemente el embargo permitió a la izquierda que reina en Europa y en América Latina considerar que fue la causa del empobrecimiento de Cuba, y aun lo denominan bloqueo. Si hubiese habido un bloqueo Fidel Castro no estaría donde está. Igualmente como antes dije es otra falacia el considerar que el error de la política americana con Cuba ha sido la causa de la pobreza en America Latina y que este acuerdo con Cuba habrá de mejorar las relaciones de Estados Unidos con América Latina. La hostilidad de gran parte de los países de América Latina hacia los Estados Unidos, no depende de la política norteamericana sino del populismo encarnado en la izquierda. Recordemos el fracaso del intento de Kennedy de remediar la situación de América Latina mediante la Alianza para el Progreso. Es un hecho indubitable el fracaso de la misma en función de la corrupción de los gobiernos de turno.
En su discurso de despedida en La Habana, Obama aún acusó a Estados Unidos de que ante la llegada de Fidel Castro los empresarios norteamericanos operaban en contra de los intereses de Cuba. Obama asimismo desconoció el estado de la economía cubana y se refirió a la pobreza en Cuba, desconociendo la realidad de la economía cubana a la que nos hemos referido. Nada más falaz que esa observación que implica un reconocimiento absurdo de que Fidel Castro habría mejorado las condiciones de vida de los cubanos. Perdón por ello los que se fueron y crearon a Miami, la capital de América Latina. Y como reconocí al principio ojalá esté equivocado y este acuerdo mejore las actuales circunstancias de los cubanos que viven en Cuba y no a la nueva clase.
'A Series of Razors Waiting to Cut You': The High Cost of Doing Business in Cuba. Sarkis Yacoubian swore he was just a businessman, but the state security agents holding him in a Havana interrogation room called him a spy.
It was July 2011, and Yacoubian, then 51, had been working in Cuba for nearly two decades. An Armenian-Canadian born in Beirut, he owned a trading company called Tri-Star Caribbean, which imported emergency vehicles, mining equipment, and auto parts for Cuba's state-run industries.
About eight months before his arrest, Yacoubian says, a regime official visited Tri-Star's Havana offices a handful of times — "Let's call him 'the Colonel,'" says Yacoubian, who claims not to recall the man's name. The Colonel said that Cuba wanted to buy a fleet of BMWs, and asked Yacoubian to arrange it. The government's wish list: sixteen 5-series sedans for the rental market and diplomatic use, and an armored X5 SUV for Cuban president Raul Castro's personal motorcade. Yacoubian, knowing the contract could lead to many more, agreed to deliver the cars to Tecnotex, a state-owned conglomerate under the purview of the military run by Castro's son-in-law, Colonel Luis Alberto Rodriguez.
The problems, however, started almost immediately. The government had previously been working with Eric Soulavy, a BMW dealer based in Venezuela who had run into financing problems. Yacoubian says a BMW rep got in touch with him and said that he needed to buy out Soulavy's contract with BMW, which still had one year remaining. (A spokeswoman for the auto company said it does not comment "on the behavior of third parties as a matter of principle.")
Yacoubian says he was at that point contractually obligated to deliver the vehicles to the Cubans, so with his "back to the wall," he began negotiating with Soulavy. Yacoubian says they agreed to $800,000, with an initial transfer of $100,000. Soulavy, who is now a real-estate developer in Key Biscayne, Florida, says he doesn't recall the exact amount he received from Yacoubian, but remembers charging him "something for the tools and parts we had invested in that business."
Yacoubian says the buyers at Tecnotex were also asking him to take a $1,000 loss on each car, but "you don't tell Raul Castro no." Still, Yacoubian wasn't doing the deal out of fear — he estimated the foothold the deal was gaining him could one day be worth up to $250 million.
Instead, he was accused of plotting to kill Castro.
* * *
When President Barack Obama announced a diplomatic thaw between the US and Cuba in December 2014, American companies began salivating at the thought of entering a virtually untapped market of more than 11 million people. And as the relationship slowly continues to warm — Obama made a high-profile visit to the island this week — business looks like it's about to boom. Starwood Hotels and Resorts, the Stamford, Connecticut–based company behind the Westin, Sheraton, and W chains, recently signed a deal to refurbish and manage two state-owned Havana properties. MasterCard is now being accepted at a small number of locations in Cuba.
One analyst described the present time as a "rare opportunity" for US businesses to get into Cuba. Another called Cuba the "greatest investment opportunity of the 21st century."
But there's also danger. Any entrepreneur entering Cuba "will want to be overly cautious right now," says Paolo Spadoni, a professor of political science at Georgia Regent University and author of the book Cuba's Socialist Economy Today: Navigating Challenges and Change. "Even inviting your [business] partner to a restaurant, this kind of activity will be way more scrutinized than it was before."
Fidel Castro didn't allow outside investment in the country for more than 30 years after he took power in 1959, and when he did, it was only to stave off an impending humanitarian disaster. In 1991, Cuba stopped receiving billions of dollars in yearly subsidies from the disintegrating Soviet Union, shrinking the island's economy by as much as 50 percent. Thus began what Castro dubbed the "Special Period in a Time of Peace," an economic crisis so severe, Cuban citizens were cooking and eating grapefruit rinds and mop tassels.
Castro finally relented to investment from Canada, Europe, Latin America, Asia — anywhere but the United States, whose citizens were and in large part still are prohibited by law from doing business in Cuba. (Though that hasn't stopped US cultural influences from bleeding in, as "Viva Cuba Libre," which airs tonight on VICE on HBO at 11pm ET, shows.)
Yacoubian got to Havana in 1993, and eventually came to accept the cost of doing business there. When he wanted to start selling equipment to the Cuban nickel mining industry, he says he was granted access only after "donating" a $400,000 articulated mining truck to the regime. To facilitate another business deal, Yacoubian says he was forced to sell $1.5 million worth of tires to the Cuban Army — at cost.
For the BMW sale, Yacoubian also agreed to spend $35,000 on a set of diagnostic tools called the Integrated Safety Information System (known by its now-unfortunate acronym, ISIS). Every two weeks or so, performance data from each vehicle would be recorded and sent to BMW headquarters in Germany, which remotely tracked diagnostic information about each of its cars worldwide.
Yacoubian would need to download several very large files to get everything set up, in addition to installing ongoing updates. Cuba still doesn't have a high-speed Internet backbone, and in an email at the time, Gernot Volkmer, BMW's representative for Latin America and the Caribbean, told Yacoubian the lack of a reliable connection would have to be solved before a deal could go through. He suggested Yacoubian send a Cuban technician to Panama every two weeks to transfer the data, but Yacoubian knew that would look extremely suspicious to Cuban authorities.
Knowing he had to make things work with what he had available in Havana, Yacoubian says he and his IT guy did late-night test runs to see if they could wring the full 760 kbps out of Tri-Star's dial-up connection in the middle of the night, when internet usage was at its lowest.
Two weeks later, on July 13, 2011, plainclothes Cuban state security officers showed up at Yacoubian's second-floor office and, he says, held him at gunpoint. He tried to close his personal email account, which was open on his computer screen, but as soon as he moved his index finger, one of the agents shouted at him to freeze. They then led Yacoubian out of the building, past his employees, and into a waiting van.
Yacoubian says he was brought to Villa Marista, a former Catholic school that has served as the nerve center of Cuba's Ministry of the Interior since 1963. He then spent several months in a series of government safe houses in Havana, where he says he was continually questioned and threatened while being kept in solitary confinement 23 hours a day. He had a rotating cast of interrogators he knew as Major Carlito, Colonel Estrada, and Raisa.
The trio wanted to know why Yacoubian was using so much bandwidth at such odd hours. And, most of all, they wanted to know whether Yacoubian was planning to help Cuba's enemies, namely the United States, pinpoint Castro's exact location through the onboard ISIS system in his yet-to-be-delivered X5. (Yacoubian calls the accusations "absurd.")
When investigators searched his office, they found about 40 laptop computers. Long suspicious of technology's ideological influence, and having heavily restricted online access, the Cuban authorities wanted to know why Yacoubian had so many.
Sarkis Yacoubian heads to court during his trial in Cuba. (Photo by Alejandro Ernesto/EPA)
Investigators also discovered business cards that belonged to USAID employees. The year before, a USAID subcontractor named Alan Gross had been arrested on charges of trying to destabilize the Cuban government by covertly helping Havana's small Jewish community access the Internet free of government filters and controls. Yacoubian says he assured the Cubans he'd never met Gross.
The Cubans told Yacoubian that the penalty for spying was life in prison, according to his account. But the longtime businessman knew that punishments meted out for small transgressions — the occasional bribe, payoff, or kickback — were mild in Cuba. Graft was predictably commonplace; government employees who were in charge of assigning multimillion dollar contracts earned official state salaries of $25 a month. Yacoubian believed that copping to a few minor infractions would satisfy his captors.
So the dealmaker tried to make a deal. In a bid for leniency, Yacoubian told investigators about some of the things he'd done wrong while doing business in Cuba: paying Cuban officials up to 3 percent of the value of deals to ensure contracts would be honored and payments made, or trying to pry loose frozen funds in hard-currency accounts the Cuban government blocked during one of the country's liquidity crises.
After he finished implicating himself, he began ratting out others.
* * *
Amado Fakhre, the British-Argentinean founder and CEO of Coral Capital, a Havana-based investment group, was arrested on October 11, 2011.
While Yacoubian claims to have related only instances of corruption to his interrogators, Fakhre, who has before never spoken publicly of the ordeal, says authorities informed him that Yacoubian identified him as a covert Israeli operative who had been trained by the Mossad in the Negev Desert.
A Lebanese Maronite born in Argentina and raised in England, Fakhre says he is "quite an unlikely candidate to be such a person."
Still, having been subjected to the same kind of interrogation as described by Yacoubian, Fakhre says he "can't really blame him" for doing what he did. "A person would say anything to get out of there."
Fakhre, whose company spent $28 million restoring Havana's Hotel Saratoga — it's where Jay-Z and Beyonce stayed during a 2013 trip to Cuba — was forced to sign a document confirming he had been arrested for "revealing state secrets." He would spend the next 20 months under interrogation at a Havana safe house, and later, at a military hospital where he says he saw Alan Gross, but was "too chickenshit" to talk to him. (Gross was released in 2014.)
'If the Cubans jailed everyone for corruption, there'd be no one left.'
"They were making me read articles about spy exchanges between the Russians and the Americans," Fakhre recalls. "They said, 'We know you're working for Cuba's enemies.' They brought me to a psychiatrist who was a specialist in espionage to see what he could find out. They brought me to [survival] training, to see if I could catch and eat serpents. It was laughable."
After three days, Fakhre says he was forced to sign a document confirming that he had been arrested for "revealing state secrets." A few months later, his captors finally "cottoned onto the fact that I was not a spy." That's when they switched gears and started accusing him of corruption.
In June 2013, more than 600 days after he was arrested, Fakhre was tried, in secret, for a list of economic "crimes" that outside of Cuba would have looked like little more than a corporate expense report. According to Cuban court documents, one of the charges stemmed from having treated a director of a state-run enterprise to a night at the Hotel Saratoga, which Coral Capital ran as a joint venture with the Cuban government, for her birthday. Fakhre said Coral had done millions of dollars worth of oil tank cleaning work with them, yet he purposely avoided giving the woman a gift, "even a bottle of Champagne," lest it be misinterpreted by the state security apparatus as graft.
Other charges included giving the father of a business associate an auto part, and giving a Cuban colleague $20 to get his government-issued car fixed. Fakhre was also hit with charges for loaning money to other foreign companies on the island — something he says he was told was legal as long as none of the parties involved were Cuban — and for taking part in "activities damaging to the economy" after his company made a 20 percent profit on the sale of a piece of mining equipment.
"That's not a huge margin, considering the many months I spent making the deal," Fakhre says. "Because I didn't pass on those savings, I committed an economic crime against Cuba."
Under Cuban law, defendants are entitled to the last word in court at the end of the proceedings. Fakhre delivered a 7,000-word statement.
"As you will understand, my personal principles are those of a businessman that is a capitalist," he said. "However, I have always respected the extraordinary achievements of Cuba in the areas of public health care, education, and everything to do with human dignity. In fact, all my actions and efforts in Cuba for the past 18 years have been always in tune and solidarity with the leadership and aspirations of the Revolution."
The Hotel Inglaterra in Havana, one of the hotels in which Starwood is investing. (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images)
Fakhre told the court that Coral Capital spent large amounts of money on "purely social works," including $131,000 to renovate a Havana primary school and more than $400,000 worth of electrical transformers to help fortify Old Havana's rickety municipal electric grid.
When the judges' decision was handed down, Fakhre was sentenced to five years in prison for "continued bribery," and an additional three years and six months for "illegal trafficking in currencies." Coral Capital's property and bank accounts — reportedly worth $17.3 million dollars — were turned over to authorities for "useful economic and social purposes."
Fakhre was then informed that he wouldn't actually have to serve any time, and was free to leave.
Fakhre, stunned by the reprieve, expected to be handcuffed and driven straight to the airport for immediate deportation. But instead he was told he could do whatever he wished. So he spent the next several days in Havana recuperating, then packed his bags and headed home to Europe.
He was never given an explanation for his release.
Two months earlier, Yacoubian had gone through a closed-door trial of his own, charged with bribery, tax evasion and, like Fakhre, "activities damaging to the economy."
Although he spilled his guts to authorities, taking down dozens of Cuban officials and state purchasers in addition to Fakhre and other foreign investors like his one-time-boss-turned-bitter-rival, Vahe "Cy" Tokmakjian — he was eventually sentenced to 15 years for bribery, forfeiting a reported $100 million in assets, and released in February 2015 — Yacoubian did not fare as well as Fakhre.
He was fined $7.5 million, had $19 million in assets seized by the government, and was sent to La Condesa, a prison for foreigners 30 miles south of Havana, to begin serving a nine-year sentence.
* * *
Outside investors can be stripped of their Cuban holdings for a number of different reasons, says Chris Simmons, a former special agent with the United States Defense Intelligence Agency, where he spent his career tracking Cuban spies.
For instance, one might simply run afoul of the wrong person — last summer, a Spanish investor was expelled from the country and had the two Havana lounges he owned taken over by the regime after he found himself in a romantic triangle with Raul Castro's grandson. Or, Simmons says, a person's business could be "just doing too well." Sometimes, a favored insider needs a surging competitor to disappear. In other instances, the perpetually cash-strapped Castro regime sees a cash cow they'd like to have for themselves.
In many respects, these "personal horror stories" all follow the same basic script, Simmons explains. First come espionage charges, which are used as a scare tactic to lay the groundwork for corruption charges.
"And of course you're guilty of corruption," he says. "If [the Cubans] jailed everyone for corruption, there'd be no one left."
'Foreign investors in Cuba are like women who date cheaters. They all think they're special and that it won't happen to them.'
State security begins compromising foreign investors the moment they arrive, says Enrique Garcia-Diaz, a former high-level Cuban intelligence officer who now lives in Miami. Every foreign extranjero has a dedicated government "shadow," and detailed files are kept on their movements and activities. The officials dealing with foreigners are also monitored "by the same security apparatus," says Regina Coyula, who worked for the Cuban Interior Ministry's Counterintelligence Directorate for 17 years, and still resides in Havana.
"These cases show the utter helplessness of foreign businessmen on the island of Cuba when they fall out of favor with the regime," says Garcia-Diaz.
Almost anyone can get burned. Even Fidel Castro's close friend Max Marambio, a Chilean with impeccable socialist bona fides, had his company and assets expropriated after a financial dispute with his government partners in 2010.
Yet foreign investment keeps flowing into the country.
"Foreign investors in Cuba are like women who date cheaters," says Tania Mastrapa, a Washington, DC-based consultant who advises Cuban expats on reclaiming assets seized by the Castro regime. "Everyone thinks they're clever, that they're somehow special, that it won't happen to them."
Perhaps not surprisingly, Fakhre says investors would be wise to avoid Cuba altogether. He emphasizes that he's "not on a crusade to bad-talk Cuba," and thinks financing other people's deals from afar could be one way for those absolutely determined to invest in the Cuban market to do so without the risk of suffering his fate. But anyone thinking about going all-in on Cuba like he did would be making "a big mistake."
"Even if they don't confiscate anything, the Cubans are masters at contract frustration," Fakhre says. "They will increase your workers' salaries, jack up your electricity rates, basically fuck you in a different way, and make it very difficult for you to make any money."
Two-and-a-half years after he was arrested, Yacoubian says he was abruptly given 48 hours to gather his belongings and get ready to go home. Two days later, Cuban authorities drove Yacoubian to an immigration jail in Havana, where he spent another two days being processed for expulsion from the country.
Yacoubian's sister bought him a business class ticket back home — on Air Canada, not Cubana, just in case — and several hours later, they touched down at Toronto Pearson International Airport. Yacoubian says he was never told exactly why he was freed. He now lives in a "modest condo" in North York, Ontario.
Fakhre now lives in Marbella, Spain with his Cuban-born wife and two kids. He says his name is now in a commercial risk management database that has made it impossible for him to get a business loan or open a bank account. His confiscated property, he says, is probably gone forever.
"Cuba is very seductive, like a woman," Fakhre says. "She opens her legs easily, but once you put it in there, you find a series of razors waiting to cut you."
Follow Justin Rohrlich on Twitter: @JustinRohrlich
Ya habían pasado tres días desde la muerte de sus dos compañeros y seis desde que sintió la arena entre sus dedos por última vez. La tormenta de aquella tarde de julio le perdonó la vida a Ernesto dejándole un remo sobre la balsa y un envase de agua de los pocos que había cargado junto a sus amigos para toda la travesía. La piel se le había arrugado como si cada jornada hubiera durado años, las ampollas se apoderaron de su insolado cuerpo, los labios le sangraban, le costaba pararse, sus manos tenían severos cortes y de la única forma en la que podía engañar a la sed era haciendo buches con el agua del océano y escupiéndola luego.
La brújula que tenía atada a su brazo desde el momento en que dejó la costa cubana, lo ayudó a no perder el rumbo, pero la dirección no fue su único problema.
Durante el primer día la tristeza azotó a los tres viajeros. Si bien esta era su decisión, el amor al terruño que los vio nacer era inevitable. A medida que las costas de la isla se dejaban de vislumbrar, las lágrimas aparecían en sus rostros, sabiendo que dejaban atrás todo aquello que amaban de esta vida, pero también todo lo que odiaban de ella.
Manuel, el más joven del grupo, saltó al agua en ese momento. Juan Carlos, su hermano, se arrojó tras él sin dudarlo un segundo mientras aquel nadaba hacia el sur de regreso a la isla, poseído por la tristeza. Lo agarró de su pierna derecha mientras el otro pataleaba, lo atrajo hacia sí y le dio una cachetada.
– ¿En qué estás pensando, Manu? –dijo Juan Carlos– Tú sabes que no estamos improvisando, hace once meses que planear esto es nuestra principal tarea ¿a qué le temes?
–A la nostalgia –replicó Manuel.
– Ya hablamos esto, Manu. Papá y mamá nos apoyan, quieren que vivamos como seres humanos o muramos como ellos, y no que seamos un par animales de granja controlados por un pequeño grupo de granjeros.
– Lo sé, pero ellos debían venir con nosotros.
– No lo lograrían –dijo con voz titubeante Juan Carlos, mientras lo abrazaba.
Manuel entendió la situación y le tomó la mano a Ernesto, quién escuchaba la conversación con angustia desde el bote.
De vuelta en el viaje, cada uno tomó su remo y siguieron con entusiasmo, esperanzados de tardar máximo dos días en cruzar los ciento cincuenta kilómetros del Estrecho de la Florida y pisar las tierras de Key West.
Cayó la noche más rápido de lo que esperaban, la oscuridad era tan inmensa que solo con mucha concentración podían ver lo que la brújula les indicaba. Comenzó a preocuparles perder el rumbo.
– ¿Y si aparecemos en México? –dijo Manuel.
– No te preocupes Manu, Ernesto puede leer las estrellas, yo no soy bueno en eso pero parece ser algo simple para él –le contestó Juan Carlos.
– ¿Ves esa constelación de ahí, Manuel? –dijo Ernesto señalando al cielo.
–Sí –contestó con curiosidad. – Se llama Osa Menor, y la última estrella de su cola se llama Estrella Polar. Ella nos indica en donde se encuentra el norte, por lo que debemos seguirla para llegar a Key West.
Manuel se tranquilizó, se recostó y se durmió al instante. Los otros dos siguieron remando durante cuatro horas, y luego Juan Carlos acompañó a su hermano en el sueño.
El sol de la madrugada despertó a los hermanos, quienes muy hambrientos sacaron de un frasco una porción de arroz que llevaban cocido para ellos y Ernesto, lo comieron lo más lentamente posible y este último comenzó su turno de descanso mientras los otros dos remaban.
El día continuó muy tranquilo, sin mayores inconvenientes, aunque esa misma noche se levantó un fuerte viento y las nubes dificultaban la vista de las estrellas. Ante esto, el primero en preocuparse fue Manuel.
– ¡La Estrella Polar ya no se ve! –exclamó intranquilo.
– No te preocupes –le contestó Ernesto–. La luna menguante nos indica con sus puntas hacia dónde se encuentra el oeste.
– Eso es lo que menos me inquieta –alegó Juan Carlos–. Una fuerte tormenta se avecina, nuestro pequeño bote no puede resistir grandes olas.
– Nuestra balsa soportará todo lo necesario, es sencilla pero fue hecha para flotar aun dividida en pedazos. Mientras nos sujetemos con fuerza no tendremos problema, solo
debemos mantenernos juntos y no soltarnos –como de costumbre, Ernesto los tranquilizó, aunque esta vez estaba muy equivocado.
La balsa era de madera, pero cada tabla estaba atada a una bolsa muy resistente rellena de goma espuma para que, en caso de algún accidente, cada tablón de la balsa pudiera mantener a flote a cada uno de ellos.
A la mañana siguiente el cielo estaba cubierto y el viento soplaba a gran velocidad. Las olas eran cada vez más altas y los tres estaban muy alarmados. Las horas pasaban y el tiempo no mejoraba.
Esa tarde empezó a llover muy poderosamente y la balsa se llenaba de agua, por lo que rápidamente comenzaron a vaciarla con sus baldes de achique. De repente una fuerte ola rompió detrás de ellos y sacudió de manera brusca la embarcación. Manuel asustado comenzó a llorar, Juan Carlos lo abrazó y lo tuvo consigo agarrado con una mano mientras que de la otra se sujetaba de la cuerda que rodeaba el bote; pero sorpresivamente, otra ola que doblaba el tamaño de la anterior tiró a Manuel al agua. Por la cantidad de agua salada que tragó quedó inconsciente casi de manera instantánea; su hermano saltó tras él y lo intentó arrastrar inútilmente hacia el bote en donde Ernesto les tendía la mano. Así, éste último al ver la dificultad en la que se encontraban los otros dos, se ató una soga a la cintura para no perder el bote, y se tiró en busca de los hermanos.
Fue en ese instante que Juan Carlos descubrió que Manuel había muerto en sus brazos. Cuando Ernesto lo alcanzó, este sostenía a su pequeño hermano, gritándole al cielo y en total estado de shock. Se le acercó, pero Juan Carlos lo apartó con un fuerte
golpe de puño y le dijo "no es contigo mi amigo, pero yo me voy a donde sea que Manu me lleve". Ernesto intentó arrastrarlo hacia el bote pero ya no tenía fuerzas. Juan Carlos continuó con su resistencia y, sin intención, le proporcionó un golpe en la cabeza que lo dejó desvanecido.
Ernesto despertó unas horas después en la balsa, abrió los ojos y de inmediato se dio cuenta que Juan Carlos lo subió al bote para luego irse con Manuel. Nunca más volvería a verlos.
Esa noche fue la más larga de su vida, ni siquiera intentó mirar las estrellas pese al despejado cielo; el mar estaba tranquilo y el silencio era aún más imponente que la oscuridad. Una profunda depresión lo invadió, lo había perdido todo, sus mejores amigos, toda la comida y hasta la certeza de su posición.
Al salir el sol ya nada le importaba, ni el hambre, ni la ubicación, ni el insoportable dolor que invadía su apaleado cuerpo. Nunca en su vida había sentido tanta rabia, más que rabia, odio. Durante veinticinco años, en nombre de la igualdad le habían quitado su libertad, y ahora, en busca de ésta, perdió a sus mejores camaradas.
Por primera vez decidió renunciar. Bebió el resto del agua contenido en la botella sin racionarla como lo venía haciendo, como si ya nada le importase, se puso lo más cómodo posible en el bote y se dispuso a morir en paz.
Así pasó todo el día, recordando su vida, a sus amigos y seres queridos, con la esperanza de reencontrarse con Juan Carlos y Manuel en el transcurso de las horas. La noche llegó y durmió como un bebé.
Al despertar, un fuerte rayo de sol proveniente del este lo encandiló. "No estoy muerto", pensó inmediatamente. Sintió cierto alivio, aunque también algo de desconcierto "¿Qué hago ahora?" "¿Cuántos kilómetros llevo recorridos?" "¿Seguiré en la dirección correcta?" Todas estas preguntas abrumaron su cabeza.
Decidió seguir, después de todo, nada peor podía pasarle ya.
En ese momento recordó la discusión que tuvo con su padre un año atrás, cuando apenas comenzaba a fantasear con la idea de escaparse de la cárcel que era su patria:
– Hijo, no te equivoques –le dijo firmemente–. Aquí tienes tu ración de comida asegurada, con eso debería bastarte. Tu nombre se lo debes a un héroe nacional, quién luchó por convertirnos en un país libre y rescatarnos del demoníaco egoísmo que predomina en los Estados Unidos y comenzaba a dominar a los cubanos. Aquí el comandante impuso la solidaridad como forma de vida, logrando que todos seamos iguales.
-Iguales en la pobreza, papá –le contestó Ernesto–. No me basta con una minúscula ración de comida mendigada a quien se cree dueño de mi cuerpo. Quiero ser yo quien decida mi destino. ¿Acaso crees que los animales del zoológico son felices? Ellos tienen la comida asegurada, pero no dudarían en salir corriendo si les abriesen las puertas de sus jaulas.
-Hijo, la finalidad de toda labor del hombre desde el origen de la humanidad, es poner comida en la mesa de su familia, ya tienes eso aquí, no necesitas nada más –retrucó el padre.
-Estás equivocado, la comida no es un fin último, sino un elemento necesario para vivir, como lo es la gasolina con un automóvil; pero así como la finalidad de la construcción de un coche tampoco es simplemente hacer rodar sus ruedas sino llevarnos a dónde nosotros queramos ir, la vida sólo es vida si se la vive con libertad.
Esa remembranza le dio el vigor que necesitaba, su objetivo era todo lo que había deseado durante su vida, no podía desertar.
No debía estar tan lejos, solo bastaba con remar hacia el norte, en cualquier momento llegaría a su destino. Remó con el mayor de los empeños, ya sin agua ni comida sabía que ésta era su última oportunidad, y por eso no paró en toda la noche.
Las manos le sangraban, su cuerpo sufría graves quemaduras, el sol era ahora su principal enemigo, sus piernas estaban ya postradas y, luego de tres días de ayuno, nada deseaba más que un pedazo de pan. Pero pese a todo, siguió remando hora tras hora.
A lo lejos vio una embarcación y el miedo invadió su cuerpo. Supuso que debía estar en aguas estadounidenses, por lo que evidentemente ese bote pertenecía a la Guardia Costera. Allí acabaría todo, tras seis días peleando por su vida, esta lancha se acercaba a gran velocidad hacia su balsa, y, de acuerdo con la política de "pies secos, pies mojados", al ser detectado por las autoridades americanas antes de pisar tierra, sería repatriado a Cuba. Al tener la lancha a metros, resignado, Ernesto hizo un enorme esfuerzo para ponerse de pie y enfrentar lo que se viniera.
– Sólo quince kilómetros más, chico –le dijo un hombre de unos cincuenta años con una marcada tonada puertorriqueña desde la embarcación.
Ernesto le sonrió con cierto gesto de agradecimiento y alivio, solo se trataba de un pescador dando un paseo.
De ser cierto lo que le dijo esta persona, unas tres horas le restaban para llegar a destino. Continuó remando firmemente, gotas de sangre recorrían la pértiga del remo hasta que caían en el piso de la balsa, pero aun así él ya no sentía dolor, estaba demasiado cerca, iba a lograrlo, estaba seguro.
Pasaron más de cuatro horas y la noche ya había aterrizado. Sus esperanzas se desvanecían y apenas podía mantener los ojos entreabiertos. De repente comenzó a ver luces en el cielo acompañadas de fuertes sonidos, no estaba muy lejos de ellas, quizás a un par de kilómetros. Veía algo borroso, se lavó la cara con el agua del mar y logró agudizar su visión ¡Eran fuegos artificiales!
– ¡Por supuesto! –dijo en voz alta– ¡Hoy es cuatro de julio!
En minutos recorrió el último tramo restante del Estrecho, saltó de la embarcación quince metros antes de llegar a la costa y nadó hasta pisar tierra firme. Lo primero que vio fue un cartel de madera en el que se leía "Islamorada Welcomes you", se arrodilló ante él y rompió en llanto. Solo se desvió unos ciento veinte kilómetros a la derecha de su destino, pero finalmente ya estaba en tierras norteamericanas.
Una vez que se tranquilizó, se levantó y fue directo a la primera estación de policía que encontró a tres calles de donde estaba, abrió la puerta con confianza y le dijo a un oficial que estaba sentado en su escritorio:
– Soy cubano, acabo de llegar de la isla luego de haber cruzado el mar en mi balsa.
On need to meet with Cuban Human Rights and Democracy defenders: “The President should witness their bravery, listen to their stories, feel their despair, see the fear under which they live – and stand-up with them and for them.”
WASHINGTON, DC – U.S. Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ), senior member of the Senator Foreign Relations committee, delivered the following remarks on the Senate Floor ahead of President Obama’s visit to Cuba and provided a progress report on democracy and human rights on the island. Below are his remarks as prepared for delivery:
“I rise in memory of all Cuban dissidents who have given their lives in the hope of Cuba, one day, being free from the yoke of the Castro regime. It is that freedom I had hoped President Obama was referencing when he said: ‘What I’ve said to the Cuban government is – if we’re seeing more progress in the liberty and freedom and possibilities of ordinary Cubans, I’d love to use a visit as a way of highlighting that progress. If we’re going backwards, then there’s not much reason for me to be there.’
“But that is obviously not the case, which is why the Boston Globe’s headline on February 25th says it all: Obama Breaks Pledge – Will Visit Cuba Despite Worsening Human Rights.
“Instead of having the free world’s leader honor Latin America’s only dictatorship with a visit, he could have visited one of the 150 countries which he has not visited, including several in Latin America that are democracies.
“The President has negotiated a deal with the Castros, and I understand his desire to make this his legacy issue, but there is still a fundamental issue of freedom and democracy at stake that goes to the underlying atmosphere in Cuba and whether or not the Cuban people – still repressed and still imprisoned – will benefit from the President’s legacy, or will it be the Castro Regime that reaps the benefits.
“Unless the Castros are compelled to change the way they govern the island and the way they exploit its people, the answer to this won’t be any different: The Castro Regime will be the beneficiary.
“At the very least the President’s first stops should be meetings with internationally-recognized dissidents: U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom winner, Dr. Oscar Elias Biscet; the European Union's Sakharov prize recipients, Guillermo Farinas and Rosa Maria Paya in respect for her murdered father Oswaldo Paya who was leading the Varela Project advocating civil liberties, collecting thousands of signatures petitioning the Castro regime for democratic change as permitted under the Cuban constitution – so threatening was his peaceful petition drive that he was assassinated by Castro’s security agents.
“And he should meet with Berta Soler, at her home, in her neighborhood; With the Ladies in White, with dissidents and democracy advocates in Havana – and then that will be the front-page photograph we see next week. Only then will the message that the United States will not give-in or give-up on our commitment to a free and democratic Cuba be clear to the world and to the Cuban people.
“To leave a truly honorable mark in history, this would mean the President leaving the Castro's cordoned-off-tourist-zone and seeing Berta Soler and her Ladies in White at their headquarters in the Lawton neighborhood of Havana, where poverty – Castro style -- not opportunity, not freedom, not democracy – but poverty – created by a Stalinist state, is the umbrella under which they live.
“The President should witness their bravery, listen to their stories, feel their despair, see the fear under which they live – and stand-up with them and for them.
“He could learn of the story of Aliuska Gomez, one of the Ladies in White who was arrested this past Sunday for marching peacefully. In an article in Diario de Cuba she told her story: ‘We were subjected to a lot of violence today, said Aliuska Gomez. Many of us were dragged and beaten,” she added pointing out that this has taken place only one week before President Obama’s visit. Aliuska…related how she was taken to a police station in Mariano where she was forcibly undressed by several uniformed female officers in plain view of some males. After they had taken away all of my belongings, she said, they told me to strip naked, and I refused so they threw me down on the floor and took off all of my clothing, right in front of two men, and they dragged me completely naked into a jail cell. Aliuska was then handcuffed and thrown on the cell’s floor, naked, and left alone for forty-five minutes.’
"Or how about the young Cuban dissident who met with Ben Rhodes and was arrested in Havana. It was reported on March 14th that ‘yesterday the Castro regime arrested Carlos Amel Oliva, head of the youth wing of the Cuban Patriotic Union, a major dissident organization. He is being accused of anti-social behavior. On Friday, Amel Oliva had participated in a meeting in Miami with Ben Rhodes, President Obama’s Deputy National Security Advisor. He returned to Havana on Sunday.’
“I guess that’s what Raul Castro thinks about those who meet with the President’s Deputy National Security Advisor.
“Notwithstanding their true stories, and the stories of thousands like them, the President first announced sweeping changes to America’s strategic approach to the Castro Regime in December 2014. In broad strokes, we learned of the forthcoming reestablishment of diplomatic relations – an exchange of symbols with the American flag flying over a United States Embassy in Havana and the Cuban flag flying over a Cuban Embassy in Washington.
“We learned about the process by which Cuba’s designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism would be lifted; and, we learned about the forthcoming transformative effects of a unilateral easing of sanctions to increase travel, commerce, and currency.
“For those of us who understand this regime, we cautioned for nuance, and against those broad strokes. We asked that the Administration at least require the Castros to reciprocate with certain concessions of their own, which would be as good for U.S. national interests as for the Cuban people and for U.S.-Cuban relations.
“For example, before the President ever traveled to Burma—a country with notorious human rights abuses and with which this Administration began to engage—the U.S. first demanded, and received action by the Burmese to address their human rights record. To be sure, the Burmese government agreed to meet nearly a dozen benchmarks as part of this “action for action” engagement, including granting the Red Cross access to prisons, establishing a U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Office, release of political prisoners, conclusion of a cease fire in Kachin State, and ensuring international access to conflict areas.
“We asked, as the President’s Cuba policy unfolded, that they push for changes that put Cubans in control of their own political processes, economic opportunities, civil society and governance. We didn’t get them. We asked for changes that would honor America’s legacy as a champion for human rights. We didn’t get those either. We suggested changes that would ultimately bring Cuba into the community of nations, contributing to, rather than detracting from, the overall prosperity of the hemisphere. And there were none.
“But, most importantly, we asked that they remember that it is a lack of resources – not a change of heart – that slowed the Castros’ adventurism and instability-inducing support for those who would pose threats to our national interests within the Western Hemisphere.
“In essence, we were not thinking strategically. Instead, we traded strategy for tactics. And leading Cuban human rights and democracy activists have criticized U.S. policy.
“The simple truth is – deals with the Devil require the Devil to deal. Opening channels of communication controlled by the regime means nothing unless we are going to communicate our values. It means nothing if we do not champion the material changes that the Cuban people seek. It means nothing if we do not speak the language that the Castros understand – that the communist revolution has failed miserably, and it’s time to let the Cuban people decide their future.
“The Castros know it, but it’s the antiquated hallmark of the revolution and the iron-fisted rule that came from it that keeps them in power. And, until that power is truly challenged, we can expect to witness the further weakening of our leverage.
“In the meantime, the regime is already moving forward, already breathing new life into its existing repressive state systems: Cubans are being beaten, arrested, and otherwise muzzled at higher rates than ever before. The Cuban Commission for Human Rights (CCHR) has documented 1,141 political arrests by the Castro regime in Cuba during the short month of February 2016. In January 2016, the CCHR documented 1,447 political arrests. As such, these 2,588 political arrests -- thus far -- represent the highest tally to begin a year in decades.
“This is what happens when President Obama first announces he won't visit Cuba unless there are tangible improvements in the respect for human rights -- then crosses his own ‘red-line.’ And these are only political arrests that have been thoroughly documented. Many more are suspected.
“U.S. fugitives and members of foreign terrorist organizations still enjoy safe harbor on the island – like Joanne Chesimard, the convicted killer of New Jersey State Trooper, Werner Foerster – or Charlie Hill who killed New Mexico State Trooper, Robert Rosenbloom.
“Not a penny of the $6 billion in outstanding claims by American citizens and businesses for properties confiscated by the Castros has been repaid. Unrelenting censorship and oppression of Cuban journalists continues unscathed; and the Cuban path to liberty doesn’t include the United States Embassy.
“So what do we learn? We learn that, despite the Obama Administration's engagement with the Castro dictatorship and increased travel to the island, repression on the island is exponentially rising. Why? Because the Castro regime, one of the most astute observers of the American political system, is rushing to take advantage of the permissive environment created by the President’s hunger for legacy and the relaxation of restrictions.
“M. President, legacy is not more important than lives. For years we’ve heard how an improvement in U.S.-Cuba relations, an easing of sanctions and an increase in travel to the island would benefit the Cuban people. A benefit not realized despite the visits and investments of millions of Europeans, Canadians, Mexicans, and South Americans.
“These assumptions are wrong. And since December 17, 2014, the President has engaged the Castro regime, offering unilateral concessions that the Castros are more than happy to accept.
“And, if that is not enough for us to at least question our Cuba policy, we are now facing a new unfolding Cuban migration crisis. The United States is faced with the largest migration of Cuban immigrants since the rafters of 1994. The number of Cubans entering the United States in 2015 was nearly twice that of 2014, some 51,000; and tens of thousands more are desperately trying to make the journey, via South and Central America. Why would Cubans flee if the promise of a better life in Cuba were on the horizon? When President Obama took office, the numbers were less than 7,000 annually.
“We hear that ‘self-employment’ – such as it is in Cuba – is growing. But the number of ‘self-employed’ workers in Cuba has actually decreased. The Cuban government today is licensing 10,000 fewer ‘self-employed’ workers than it did in 2014. In contrast, Castro's military monopolies are expanding at record pace. Even the limited spaces in which ‘self-employed’ workers previously operated are being squeezed as the Cuban military expands its control of the island's travel, retail and financial sectors of the economy.
“While speaking recently to a business gathering in Washington, D.C., President Obama argued how he believes this new policy is ‘creating the environment in which a generational change and transition will take place in that country.’ But the key questions is, ‘a generational change and transition’ towards what and by whom? Cuban democracy leader, Antonio Rodiles, has concisely expressed this concern – ‘legitimizing the [Castro] regime is the path contrary to a transition.’
“CNN has revealed that the Cuban delegation in the secret talks that began in mid-2013 with U.S. officials in Ottawa, Toronto and Rome, and which led to the December 17th policy announcement, was headed by Colonel Alejandro Castro Espin. Colonel Castro Espin is the 49-year old son of Cuban dictator Raul Castro.
“In both face-to-face meetings between President Obama and Raul Castro this year -- first at April's Summit of the Americas in Panama City and just last month at the United Nations General Assembly in New York -- Alejandro was seated (with a wide grin) next to his father. Alejandro holds the rank of Colonel in Cuba's Ministry of the Interior, with his hand on the pulse and trigger of the island's intelligence services and repressive organs. It's no secret that Raul Castro is grooming Alejandro for a position of power.
“Sadly, his role as interlocutor with the Obama Administration seeks to further their goal of an intra-family generational transition within the Castro clan similar to the Assad’s in Syria and the Kim’s in North Korea. And we know how well those have worked out. To give you an idea of how Colonel Alejandro Castro views the United States, he describes its leaders as ‘those who seek to subjugate humanity to satisfy their interests and hegemonic goals.’
“But, of course, it also takes money to run a totalitarian dictatorship, which is why Raul Castro named his son-in-law, General Luis Alberto Rodriguez Lopez Callejas, as head of GAESA, which stands for Grupo de Administracion Empresarial, S.A or translated Business Administrative Group. GAESA is the holding company of Cuba’s Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, Cuba’s military.
“It is the dominant driving force of the island’s economy. Established in the 1990s by Raul Castro, it controls tourism companies, ranging from the very profitable Gaviota S.A., which runs Cuba’s hotels, restaurants, car rentals and nightclubs, to TRD Caribe S.A., which runs the island’s retail stores. GAESA controls virtually all economic transactions in Cuba.
“According to Hotels Magazine, a leading industry publication, GAESA (through its subsidiaries) is by far the largest regional hotel conglomerate in Latin America. It controls more hotel rooms than The Walt Disney Company. As McLatchy News explained a few years back, ‘Tourists who sleep in some of Cuba's hotels, drive rental cars, fill up their gas tanks, and even those riding in taxis have something in common: They are contributing to the [Cuban] Revolutionary Armed Forces' bottom line.’
“GAESA became this business powerhouse thanks to the millions of Canadian and European tourists that have and continue to visit Cuba each year. The Cuban military-owned tourism company, Gaviota Tourism Group, S.A., averaged 12 percent growth in 2015 and expects to double its hotel business this year.
“These tourists have done absolutely nothing to promote freedom and democracy in Cuba. To the contrary, they have directly financed a system of control and repression over the Cuban people all while enjoying cigars made by Cuban workers paid in worthless pesos, and having a Cuba Libre, which is an oxymoron, on the beaches of Varadero.
“Yet, despite the clear evidence, President Obama wants American tourists to now double GAESA's bonanza – and, through GAESA, strengthen the regime.
“An insightful report by Bloomberg Business also explained how, ‘[Raul's son-in-law, General Rodriguez] is the gatekeeper for most foreign investors, requiring them to do business with his organization if they wish to set up shop on the island…If and when the U.S. finally removes its half-century embargo on Cuba, it will be this man who decides which investors get the best deals.’ In other words, all of the talking points about how lifting the embargo and tourism restrictions would somehow benefit the Cuban people are empty and misleading rhetoric.
“In addition, internet "connectivity ranking" has dropped. The International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Measuring the Information Society Report for 2015, the most reliable source of data and analysis on global access to information and communication. ITU has dropped Cuba's ranking to 129 from 119. The island fares much worse than some of the world's most infamous suppressors, including Syria (117), Iran (91), China (82) and Venezuela (72).
“In Cuba, religious freedom violations have increased. According to the London-based NGO, Christian Solidarity Worldwide, last year 2,000 churches were declared illegal and 100 were designated for demolition by the Castro regime. Altogether, CSW documented 2,300 separate violations of religious freedom in 2015 compared to 220 in 2014.
“And, if that is not enough, Castro reneged on the release of political prisoners and visits by international monitors. Most of the 53 political prisoners released in the months prior and after Obama's December 2014 announcement have since been re-arrested on multiple occasions. Five have been handed new long-term prison sentences.
“Meanwhile, Human Rights Watch noted in its new 2016 report, ‘Cuba has yet to allow visits to the island by the International Committee of the Red Cross or by U.N. human rights monitors, as stipulated in the December 2014 agreement with the United States.’ These were the conditions that prompted Congress, over the course of our long history with Cuba, to pass successive laws to build on -- not detract from -- Executive Orders that created the embargo.
“I stand with thousands of Cuba’s civil society leaders, dissidents, journalists, and everyday men and women who long for the day when the freedom we enjoy in our great country extends to theirs. As long as I have a voice, they will have an ally to speak truth to power against this dictatorship, and against any effort to legitimize it or reward it.
“We must realize the nature of the Castro regime won't be altered by capitulating on our demands for basic human and civil rights. If the United States is to give away its leverage, it should be in exchange for one thing, and one thing only, a true transition in Cuba.
“And, as for the latest announcements from the Administration, I stand against any rollback of the statutory provisions that codified Cuba sanctions. We learned this week that the Administration has cleared the way for individual travel to Cuba outside the auspices of a group or organization. This is tourism, plain and simple.
“We learned this week that the Administration has cleared the way for Cubans – athletes, artists, performers, and others – to earn salaries in the United States. Unfortunately, much if not all of those salaries will go back to the regime as they must pay the regime most of their earnings.
“We learned that Americans may purchase Cuban origin products and services in third countries – the cigars, alcohol, and basic products produced by a system of slave labor that funnels proceeds to one place – the regime’s pockets. When it comes to banking and financial services, we will now permit the U.S. financial system to facilitate the flow of these and other proceeds directly to the regime.
“The Administration will allow the Cuban government, which profits from the sale of intelligence, to export Cuban-origin software to the United States – never mind that the Cuban government aggressively monitors the internet activity of Cuban dissidents and sensors users on the island – and permit direct shipping by Cuban vessels.
“These ‘significant amendments’ to the Cuban Assets Control Regulations (CACR) and the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) – cornerstones of implementation of United States sanctions against the Castro regime -- announced on Tuesday create new opportunities for abuse of permitted travel. They authorize trade and commerce with Castro monopolies, and permit the regime to use United States dollars to conduct its business.
“They are unilateral concessions, requiring no changes from the Castro regime to the political and economic system under which the Castros exploit the lives and labor of Cuban nationals. In meetings late last week, I warned officials at the Department of Treasury that these changes come up to the line and in some cases cross it with respect to statutory authority.
“Their actions are inconsistent with existing statutes and incompatible with the intent of Congress as expressed through those statutes. I should know as I was one of the authors of the Libertad Act when I served in the House of Representatives. In my view, at the end of the day, this is a unilateral transfer of the little remaining leverage that the Administration hadn’t given away prior to this week’s announcement.
“With these steps, I believe Commerce and Treasury have set the stage for legal action against the Administration. Congress has authorized categories of travel to Cuba, but none of the categories were tourism or commerce-for-commerce’s-sake with the regime.
“The President has said that his Cuba policy ‘helps promote the people’s independence from Cuban authorities.’ But it does not.
“And yet, this week, in what would seem to contravene the letter and spirit of U.S. law – the Administration will reportedly allow the regime to use U.S. dollars in international financial transactions and a U.S. hotel company to partner with a Cuban military conglomerate run by the Castro family. Let’s be clear, it’s not the Cuban people who are eager and willing to shuffle dollars through BNP Paribas, INB Group, and HSBC Bank. Only the regime is willing and eager to do so.
“As for the reports that Starwood-Marriott is looking for arrangement with the regime – with the blessing of the Administration – it would be an agreement with a subsidiary of GAESA, the Cuban military conglomerate run by Raul Castro’s son-in-law, General Luis Alberto Rodriguez Lopez-Callejas. It would be an agreement to manage a hotel for the Cuban military. Among those considered is Havana’s swanky hotel Saratoga, which has been twice confiscated by the Castro regime – an agreement by which employees are hired by the regime’s state employment agency in violation of international labor laws.
“So I ask – How does allowing U.S. companies to do business with the Castro regime – let alone the Castro family itself – ‘promote the Cuban people’s independence from the authorities,’ as the President has said? This breathes new life into the Castro’s repressive state systems. That new life means one thing – the repressive system will continue without changes.
“M. President, next week, when we anticipate that we will see a photograph of the President of the United States laughing and shaking hands with the only dictatorship in the Western Hemisphere, I will be thinking of Berta Soler of the Ladies in White and her fellow human rights and democracy advocates, when she testified before Congress last year. She said in her testimony: ‘Our demands are quite concrete; freedom for political prisoners, recognition of civil society, the elimination of criminal dispositions that penalize freedom of expression and association and the right of the Cuban people to choose their future through free, multiparty elections.’
“Those are the words of freedom. That is the legacy we should work toward until the Cuban people are finally free.”